James City County, VA

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Board of Zoning Appeals

1. What is a variance?: A variance is a relaxation to the terms or requirements of the Zoning Ordinance. A variance may be granted when conditions are unique to the property and not a result of the applicant’s actions. The applicant must show a hardship that restricts the use of the property in a way that is not generally shared by other properties in the same zoning district and vicinity. Please note that this is not applicable to the lists of generally and specially permitted land uses for each district.

It is strongly recommended that you either submit a conceptual plan or set up a pre-application meeting to review the application process and answer questions. You must submit an application package which includes:

A signed, completed application and review fee.
An explanation of why you are requesting the
variance and what you propose for the property.
A surveyed plat depicting the following items:
- The exact location of the structure for which the variance is being requested in relation to buildings and roads.
- All property lines.

Applications must be received at least five weeks prior to the Board of Zoning Appeals (BZA) meeting. Meetings are usually held on the first Thursday of each month.

Prior to the BZA meeting, staff will review your application, make a site inspection and verify the information on your application for compliance with County codes and ordinances. Staff will consider the impact of the proposed variance on surrounding properties and the public welfare.

Staff will incorporate their findings into a report for the BZA. Staff may recommend that the BZA place conditions on your application regarding the location, character, or any other features of your proposal. These conditions attempt to protect the public interest and lessen any potential impacts caused by your proposal. Staff will notify you in advance of the meeting of any recommended conditions. You will receive a copy of the staff report, including any recommendations, in advance of the BZA meeting.

The Zoning Division will:

Post a sign on the property indicating that an application has been filed with the BZA for the property. This sign will be posted two weeks before the BZA public hearing
Advertise the public hearing in a local newspaper both two weeks before and one week before the BZA public hearing.
Send written notice to all adjacent property owners at least one week prior to the BZA public hearing.

3. What will happen at the Board of Zoning Appeals meeting?: Staff will present your request to the Board of Zoning Appeals (BZA) and give their recommendations, including any conditions. After staff’s presentation, you or your representative will have an opportunity to speak. Then the BZA will hold a public hearing where any citizen can speak about the application. After the public hearing is closed, the BZA will discuss the application and make their determination.

If you are requesting a variance, the BZA will approve, deny, or defer your request. If the BZA does authorize a variance, it may place conditions on that approval. The BZA may condition any variance as it deems necessary to protect the public interest. These conditions may affect the location, character, or any other element of your proposal.

If you are appealing a decision of the Zoning Administrator, the BZA will either uphold or overrule the Zoning Administrator.

After the meeting, Zoning staff will notify you in writing of the BZA’s decision, including any conditions placed on your application.

4. Can I appeal the decision of the Board of Zoning Appeals?: Yes. You have 30 days to appeal the decision to the Circuit Court. Call the Clerk of the Circuit court at 757-564-2242 for information.

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CCC - General FAQs

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1. Can I drink?: If the Judge did not order "no alcohol" and did not order substance abuse testing and/or treatment and you have no apparent drinking problem, you may consume alcohol. You may not drink to excess, meaning your drinking results in further problems with the legal system or interferes with your orderly conduct or your job.

2. Can I travel?: Unless you are specifically forbidden to leave the local area by the Court or your Probation Officer, you may travel after first getting approval from your Probation Officer. You must provide detailed information regarding your plans. Pretrial clients on bond can travel within the Commonwealth of Virginia with prior approval of their Pretrial Officer. Pretrial clients shall not leave the Commonwealth of Virginia without prior permission of the Court.

3. Can my probation be revoked for not working?: Yes. Regular employment is a condition of supervision and often is specifically ordered by the Judge. Unless you have a verified disability that prohibits you from working, you must maintain regular, lawful employment.

4. Can I perform community service for my restitution?: No. Although you can work off court fines and costs, you must make monetary payment if restitution is ordered. Also, restitution must be paid first.

5. If I have to do community service for different Courts, can I just do the required hours for 1 court and use them for all the Courts?: No. You must complete additional hours for each Court. For example, if one Court orders 40 hours and then you get 40 hours from another Court, you must complete a total of 80 hours. You may not use the first 40 hours for both Courts.

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Circuit Court Clerk - Probate

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1. What terms are involved in the administration of estates?

The decedent is the deceased, i.e. the person who left the estate. A decedent has died testate if he or she has left a valid will. If a person dies intestate (without leaving a valid will), the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia, in effect at the time of death, determine who the heirs are and who will therefore receive the decedent's property.

The person who the court appoints to administer the estate for the decedent is called an executor if specified in the will or a personal representative if no executor was specified. Executors and personal representatives are also referred to generically as administrators or fiduciaries. Other people involved in the administration of estates include the Commissioner of Accounts (a local person appointed by the circuit court to oversee the administration of estates), the circuit court clerk and his or her deputies, and the circuit court judges.

The will (last will and testament) is a legal document drawn up by a person and/or his or her attorney to specify how a person's property should be distributed and who should administer the affairs of the estate. The List of Heirs is a legal document prepared by the estate's administrator that lists the people specified by the will and/or by law who are eligible to receive distributions from the estate. A copy of a document is certified by a circuit court deputy clerk to indicate that it is a true and complete copy of the original. An exemplified copy also contains the official seals of the judges and clerk of the circuit court.

To probate a will is to officially prove it as the authentic and valid last will and testament of the deceased and admit it to record. Qualification and appointment of a personal representative may or may not accompany probate. If a decedent owns real estate in multiple jurisdictions in Virginia, the will should be probated in the jurisdiction where he or she resided and then a certified copy recorded in the other jurisdictions. If real estate is owned in another state, an exemplified copy of the will must be probated in that state.

2. When should a will be probated, or, if there is no will, when should a personal representative be appointed?: Although there is no statutory schedule for probating a will or beginning estate administration, it is prudent to begin the estate process within one to three weeks after death.

3. Who inherits the property of an estate (person dying without a will)?

The distribution of property for an estate is governed by the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia in effect at the time of death. After payment of funeral expenses, debts and cost of administration, the law provides for the following course of descents:

All to the surviving spouse, unless there are children (or their descendents) of someone other than the surviving spouse, in which case one third goes to the surviving spouse and the remaining two thirds is divided among all children.

If no surviving spouse, all to the children and their descendents.

If none, all to the decedent's father and mother or the survivor.

If none, all to the decedent's brothers and sisters and their descendents.

There are other contingent beneficiaries set out in the Code of Virginia.

4. How long does it take to probate a will or appoint a personal representative on an intestate's estate?: The probate process takes about 15 minutes if the paperwork has been completed correctly, no changes are made at the time of the appointment, or a surety bond is required. Please note each probate is unique and subject to specific factors which may prolong or decrease the time.

5. What taxes and fees are associated with probate?

The state probate tax is 10 cents per $100 of the estate value at the time of death.

The local probate tax is : There is no local probate tax in the City of Williamsburg or James City County.

The recording fee is $16 for the first ten (10) pages of the Will, $16 for the List of Heirs, $43 for an Intestate List of Heirs, now known as a Real Estate Affidavit (if applicable) and $16 for the Affidavit of Notice. Fees for additional pages are as follows: eleven (11) to thirty (30) pages - $30, more than thirty (30) pages - $50.

The qualification fee is based on the value of the estate.

The transfer fee of $1 will be charged for any real estate taxed in the name of the decedent.

The final federal and state income tax, personal property tax, and estate tax returns must be filed for the deceased and the estate as applicable. Generally, federal and state estate taxes are only due if the gross estate (including life insurance and all property) exceeds the amount on the tax schedule. For more information on taxes, contact the Internal Revenue Service and the Virginia Department of Taxation.

6. Is it always necessary to have someone qualify as a personal representative on a decedent's estate?

Qualification is not always necessary if the estate consists solely of:

Real estate held with full rights of survivorship. (When a husband and wife own their home jointly, with right of survivorship, the surviving spouse "automatically inherits" the other half's interest.) While not considered for probate purposes, real property held in this manner is not exempt from estate tax considerations.

Jointly owned bank accounts.

Insurance or bonds payable to a living beneficiary.

Anything Payable On Death (P. O. D.).

7. Who will qualify as an executor under a will?

If there is a will, and an executor or executors is named in the will, the person or persons specified will qualify.

If there is a will, but no executor is named or the specified executor refuses or ceases to serve, the circuit court may grant administration to an alternate executor or a beneficiary of the will.

If there is no will, the surviving spouse is given preference in the appointment of a personal representative, followed by the other natural distributees (children, parents, etc.). Anyone having an interest in the estate may qualify after 30 days.

Whoever is appointed as an executor must take an oath to faithfully perform the duties required and must give bond in an amount at least equal to the value of the estate. If the will does not waive surety, surety must be given on the bond.

8. Who has jurisdiction to qualify administrators on a decedent's estate in Virginia?: The circuit court clerks and deputies thereof may qualify personal representatives.

9. Where should I go to qualify as a personal representative on someone's estate?

Go to the circuit court clerk's office of the jurisdiction:

Where the decedent had a known place of residence, or, if none;

Where the decedent owned real estate, or, if none;

Where the decedent died or owned any property.

10. How do I submit a record and copy request and is there a fee?: Record and copy requests should be made in writing with payment sent in advance if requested by mail. Copies are $0.50 per page. For Clerk's certification of a document there is a $2 charge. If you would like copies mailed to you, please include with your request a self-addressed, stamped envelope.

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Fire

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1. Why is my smoke alarm beeping?: If your smoke alarm is beeping, get out of the house immediately and call 911 from a neighbor’s house. You have very little time to get out of your house safely if there is a threat of fire, and we would much rather respond to a false alarm than have you risk becoming trapped. If your smoke alarm is beeping intermittently, try changing the battery; if it is still beeping and is over 10 years old, it needs to be replaced.

2. Can I burn my yard waste?: Burning of yard waste is prohibited in Residential zoned areas of the County. Call the Fire Marshal’s Office at 757-220-0626 to determine if you can burn yard waste.

3. Can I plant shrubs around a fire hydrant?: No. The Statewide Fire Prevention Code states, “Unobstructed access to fire hydrants shall be maintained at all times.” “A 3-foot clear space shall be maintained around the circumference of fire hydrants.”

4. How do I dispose of my old fire extinguisher?: Call the Virginia Peninsulas Public Service Authority at 757-259-9850.

5. Can I have a fire truck at my child’s birthday party?: Due to limited resources we are unable to bring fire trucks to birthday parties, but we encourage you to bring the birthday girl or birthday boy to the fire station for a tour.

6. Are fireworks legal in James City County?: Fireworks are illegal in James City County. Professional fireworks displays are conducted with a permit issued by the Fire Marshal’s Office.

7. Why wasn’t my insurance not billed for ambulance service?: We were likely not able to get your insurance information from the hospital or a signature allowing the Fire Department to bill Medicare or your insurance. Contact our billing company, EMS MC, at 1-800-814-5339 If you still need assistance, please contact our EMS Billing Technician at 757-220-0626 or visit the Billing website.

8. I received a bill for my ambulance service and the address to mail my payment is in Lewisville, NC; is this a scam?: No. JCCFD contracts out to a billing company to handle most of our billing process. EMS MC, our billing company, is located in Lewisville, NC.

9. How can I obtain a copy of my medical report or ambulance bill?: Fill out a medical release form at our Fire Administration office at 5077 John Tyler Highway. Please bring a valid form of identification, such as a driver’s license or passport. If the patient is under 18, he or she may have a parent or guardian pick up the report for them with a valid form of identification.

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Fire - CERT

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1. If a CERT volunteer is involved in a liability lawsuit, will the County provide representation or assume financial liability?: The County will provide legal representation. Assumption of financial liability is addressed by the Code of Virginia. If CERT volunteers are acting in accordance with standards and guidelines, they have sovereign immunity from financial liability.

2. If there is a decision to settle a claim will there be any financial liability for the CERT volunteer?: Per the Code of Virginia, §44-146.23, there can not be a claim or award against a CERT volunteer because of the exemption from liability statute.

3. What does the law say about exemption from liability?: §44-145.23 of the Code of Virginia, A: Neither the Commonwealth, nor any political subdivision thereof, nor federal agencies, nor other public or private agencies, nor, except in cases of willful misconduct, public or private employees, nor representatives of any of them, engaged in any emergency services activities, while complying with or attempting to comply with this chapter or any rule, regulation, or executive order promulgated pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, shall be liable for the death of, or any injury to, persons or damage to property as a result of such activities. The provisions of this section shall not affect the right of any person to receive benefits to which he would otherwise be entitled under this chapter, or under the Workers’ Compensation Act (§65.2-100 et seq.), or under any pension law, nor the right of any such person to receive any benefits or compensation under any act of Congress. For the purposes of the immunity conferred by this subsection, representatives of public or private employees shall include, but shall not be limited to, volunteers in state and local services who are persons who serve in a Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) unit or on a Community Emergency Response Team (CERT).

4. Can a CERT volunteer be sued?: Yes. Anyone can be sued anytime, for any reason.

5. If I am injured while taking training or while performing CERT duties, will the County cover my medical expenses?: The County has supplemental insurance coverage for CERT volunteers.

6. Can you give me some examples of exceeding CERT training?: Performing any skill or activity that you were not taught to do or is not covered in the CERT CD given to you during class. Performing CPR or using a chain saw are examples of non-CERT activities.

7. I have taken CERT training in a different state or different locality. Why do I have to take the training again?: JCC CERT is a highly structured program, tailored to meet the needs of James City County. JCC CERT offers additional legal protection which other localities may not offer. Because of these differences, every volunteer must take the basic JCC CERT training.

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Fire - Emergency Communications

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1. Can I text 911?: Yes, we currently have the capability to receive and send texts to 911. We always prefer to talk to you if it is safe to do so.

2. Do I have to give my name when I call 911 and report a crime?: No. It is our policy that callers are not required to give their name when calling 911. As a part of protocol, the Emergency Communications Officer will ask you for your name. However, if you do not wish to provide your name, please inform the Emergency Communications Officer.

3. Are you able to see where I am from a cell phone call without me telling you?: We cannot pinpoint an exact location from a cell phone call alone. We typically receive a tower location and can get an approximate location. However, to ensure units locate you in an emergency, always provide your location to the dispatcher.

4. Why do the Emergency Communications Officers ask so many questions?: Information helps us to serve you better. Our Emergency Communications Officers go through hundreds of hours of training to rapidly and accurately process your call for help.

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Fire - Medical Services

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1. Why does JCC have a revenue recovery program?: Medicaid, Medicare and the majority of private insurance policies include the cost of ambulance transport. As the need for additional emergency responders increases, local governments have sought ways to pay for these services without raising property taxes. Many other local governments in Virginia have found that billing Medicaid, Medicare and private insurance for ambulance transport service has resulted in a large amount of revenue being recovered to help fund Fire/EMS services. The availability of such revenues led JCC to join the many other cities, counties and towns in Virginia which currently have such a system.

2. How does this affect me?: If you have private insurance or are covered by Medicaid or Medicare, it will probably not affect you because you have already paid for the cost of ambulance transport through your policy or coverage.

3. What is Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Revenue Recovery?: This is the process of obtaining financial reimbursement for the cost of providing medically necessary emergency ambulance transportation.

4. What if I don’t have insurance and can’t afford to pay?: Patients who demonstrate financial hardship may be eligible for a hardship waiver, sliding scale deductibles, or a payment plan that may require moderate payments with no interest or penalties. All patients will be cared for and, if necessary, transported to a medical facility regardless of their ability to pay.

5. If I have a balance to be paid on my bill, will I be refused ambulance service?: JCC will not deny ambulance service to those with delinquent accounts or anyone else. This program will not change the ambulance service provided to anyone in JCC, regardless of insurance coverage or any other factor. Emergency responders will have no knowledge of who has paid and who has not paid a previous bill.

6. If EMS comes to my house but I don’t need transport, will I receive a bill?: No. There is no plan to charge for a situation where the patient is not transported to a hospital.

7. Will my health insurance premiums increase as a result of this billing?: Unfortunately, health insurance premiums continue to rise regardless of whether or not a community decides to bill for EMS transports. Such factors as prescription drug coverage, litigation, technology improvements in the medical field and depressed insurance company investment returns have resulted in escalating health insurance premium costs. However, ambulance transport costs represent less than 1% of health care expenditures. Many other local governments in Virginia have implemented a revenue recovery program for ambulance transport fees, and they have reported no evidence that EMS billing increases health insurance premiums.

8. What type of information will I have to give when the ambulance arrives?: Persons using the Emergency Medical Service are asked to provide any insurance information you have at the time of service, whenever possible. Attending to the patient’s medical needs will always be the first priority.

9. What if I am not able to provide the insurance information at that time?: If your insurance information is not available at the time of service, the billing company will attempt to obtain the information at the hospital. If the information cannot be obtained, you may receive a letter asking you to provide the information. You can contact the billing office to provide the information. When the billing office receives the information, your insurance will be billed. You will not receive any further correspondence or bills until the insurance company has made a determination on your claim.

10. How do you protect the privacy of my health information?: JCC has a federally required Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Compliance Program in place to protect your health information.

11. What are the billing rates for this EMS service?: Current charges are $800 for Advanced Life Support-2 (ALS-2; an example is care which involves surgical interventions); $550 for Advanced Life Support (ALS-1; an example is response to chest pains); and $450 for Basic Life Service (BLS; which is the basic level of care provided). A charge of $10 per mile, from the location of the incident to the hospital, will also be part of each bill. You will not be charged for the distance the ambulance must travel from the fire station to get to you.

12. Why is there a mileage charge?: Medicare requires mileage be included in determining the total amount covered for ambulance transports, and Medicaid calculates the allowable rate to be reimbursed based on mileage. A very large portion of the revenue that JCC collects from this program comes from Medicare and Medicaid. JCC needs to be uniform in its billing procedures and therefore charges mileage on all bills.

13. How does the billing process work?: The process is similar to that which happens when a person receives services from a doctor or health care provider. A claim is sent to the patient’s insurance provider, which sends the patient an Explanation of Benefits statement showing the amount the insurance provider was billed and how much the provider paid toward the claim. The statement will show what balance, if any, is owed by the patient for co-payments or deductibles.

14. What if I am unable to pay?: JCC’s EMS revenue recovery policy includes a provision for those with a financial hardship. If you can demonstrate financial hardship in accordance with the County’s policy, a substantial reduction is available. The bill can be paid in installments on a payment plan. If at any time during the billing process you claim a financial hardship that prevents full payment of the bill, you will be sent a Financial Hardship Certification Form. You must complete this form, attach the required documentation and return it to our billing office for processing.

15. What other localities in this area have EMS billing programs?: Many cities, counties and towns in Virginia currently bill for emergency ambulance transport to recover revenue. Nearby billing localities include Williamsburg, York County, Newport News, Richmond, Chesterfield, Petersburg, Colonial Heights and Hopewell.

16. I received a bill for my ambulance service and the address to mail my payment is in Lewisville, NC; is this a scam?: No. JCCFD contracts out to a billing company to handle most of our billing process. EMS MC, our billing company, is located in Lewisville, NC.

17. How can I obtain a copy of my medical report or ambulance bill?: Fill out a medical release form at our Fire Administration office at 5077 John Tyler Highway. Please bring a valid form of identification, such as a driver’s license or passport. If the patient is under 18, he or she may have a parent or guardian pick up the report for them with a valid form of identification.

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Freedom of Information Act

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1. What records are available to the public?: Existing records prepared by or in the possession of a public body or its officers or employees in the ordinary transaction of public business. All public records are presumed to be open and are withheld only if a specific exemption applies. You will be notified if any requested records are being withheld and the reason for the withholding of any records, including the appropriate authority (law or code section) which permits the City to withhold such records. Although the City strives to help you as much as possible, FOIA does not require that the City create records that do not already exist or answer general questions.

2. How do I request a public record?

You may submit a records request in several ways:

Email: foia@jamescitycountyva.gov

Fax: 757-253-6833

U.S. Mail: FOIA Request, PO Box 8784, Williamsburg, VA 23187

In Person: 101 Mounts Bay Road, Building D (Administration), Williamsburg, VA 23185

3. What information do I need to provide to make a public records request?: The County asks that the name and address of the requester be provided so that it can be determined to whom to send the information, but also so that the County can determine whether the person requesting the information is entitled to request records under the law. Your request must also be reasonably specific so that the records you are seeking can be identified and located.

4. When can I expect my request to be processed?: Within 5 days after receiving your request (not including weekends or County holidays). If it is not practically possible to respond to your request within 5 working days, you will be promptly notified and the County will have an additional 7 working days.

5. How will I receive the records I request?: You may request records in any format used by the County, such as paper, email or electronic means. The County can provide the records requested to you by mail or email, or you can arrange to personally retrieve copies of the records.

6. Will I have to pay for the records?

The County may charge for any requested records. The County is permitted to charge only for the actual costs of responding to your request. You may request that the County tells you in advance what the anticipated costs will be for supplying the records. If the estimated costs exceed $200, you may be required to pay before processing your request. Additionally, if you owe the County money from a previous request that has remained unpaid for more than 30 days, the County will require you to pay the past-due bill before processing any subsequent records requests.

A public body may make reasonable charges not to exceed its actual cost incurred in accessing, duplicating, supplying or searching for the requested records. No public body shall impose any extraneous, intermediary or surplus fees or expenses to recoup the general costs associated with creating or maintaining public records or transacting the general business of the public body. Any duplicating fee charged by a public body shall not exceed the actual cost of duplication. All charges for the supplying of requested records shall be estimated in advance at the request of the citizen as set forth in subsection F of § 2.2-3704 of the Code of Virginia.

Staff time, $22 per hour
CD-ROM/DVD, $1 per disc
Copies, $0.15 per page
Postage, varies

Other charges besides those listed may be applicable, including storage retrieval, professional printing, microfilm, printing, etc.

7. When can a request be denied?: Records requests can be denied based upon the law which exempts the disclosure of records to the public. Examples of some records which would be withheld by a public body: records subject to attorney/client privilege; vendor proprietary information; personnel records; and records relating to the negotiation and award of a contract. Criminal history records and offense/incident reports and supplemental reports are withheld to the extent permitted under the law.

8. Who is the County's FOIA Officer?

The City’s FOIA Officer is:

9. Where can I find more information about FOIA?

The Virginia Freedom of Information Advisory Council is a state agency that can answer any questions you may have about FOIA. The Council may be contacted by email at foiacouncil@dls.virginia.gov, or toll-free by phone at 1-866-448-4100.

The text of the Virginia Freedom of Information Act is available online, or we can provide you with a copy upon request.

The Local Government Officials' Guide to the Virginia Freedom of Information Act is a 36-page printed booklet with more than 100 questions and answers about FOIA. We have purchased a limited supply and can provide you with one free copy for personal use.

10. How do I request public records from Constitutional Officers?: James City County’s elected constitutional officers: Commonwealth’s Attorney, Treasurer, Commissioner of the Revenue, Registrar and Sherriff and Circuit Court are the legal custodians of their own respective records, and have separate disclosure exemptions applicable to some of their records. If we receive a request for records that are held by one of those officials, we will refer the requester to that official.

Contact constitutional offices below:

Circuit Court Clerk
Mona A. Foley
Jennifer G. Bryant
757-564-2358 (direct)
757-564-2242 (main office)
Williamsburg/James City County Circuit Court
5201 Monticello Avenue, Suite 6
Williamsburg, VA 23188

Commissioner of the Revenue
Carol Ballard
carol.ballard@jamescitycountyva.gov
757-253-6695

Sherriff
David Hardin
david.hardin@jamescitycountyva.gov
757 564-2220

Treasurer
Andrew Binks
andrew.binks@jamescitycountyva.gov
757-253-6724

Voter Registration & Elections
Dianna S. Moorman
dianna.moorman@jamescitycountyva.gov
757-253-6868

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General

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1. Where can I find the budget?: The current fiscal budget and archived budgets are located on this page.

2. How do I make a payment online?: You can pay County bills using our online payment system.

3. How do I dispose of trash?: The County does not provide curbside trash pickup, but citizens have two options for trash disposal: the County operates three Convenience Centers where residents may dispose of trash or recyclable materials or residents may hire a private company to perform curbside trash pickup. Coupons, which subsidize the cost of waste disposal, are required to dispose of trash at the Convenience Centers.

4. How do I apply for a job?: You can find job listings and submit applications through the
James City County Career Center.

5. How do I submit a FOIA request?: You can find information on how to submit a FOIA request by clicking here.

6. Where can I learn about the County's Strategic Plan?: Read our guidebook for investing in the County's future and learn more about goals, capital projects and operational initiatives on our
2035 Strategic Plan webpage.

7. How do I report a problem with the website?: We are always striving to improve our website every day. If you find an error or you're having trouble finding important information, please fill out this form.

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JCSA

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1. Why is my water bill high?: On average, each person uses 90 gallons of water per day. To calculate your average household usage, multiply the amount of residents in your house by 90 and then multiply that number by the amount of days in your billing cycle. You may expect an above-average usage if you have a pool or hot tub, irrigate your lawn or pressure clean frequently.

If you find that your bill is in excess of this amount, you may have a leak.

2. Who is HRUBS?: HRUBS is a cost effective billing service provided by the Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD) that bills JCSA customers for their water, sewer and HRSD charges. Residential customers are billed quarterly and commercial customers are billed monthly. This cooperative agreement allows customers to receive one combined bill for water, sewer and sewer treatment charges. James City County's Newport News Water Works customers receive their water bill separate from their sewer and sewer treatment bill and are billed bi-monthly.

3. How do I stop or start water/sewer service?

There are several options to stop or start service:

Contact a Customer Service Representative by calling 757-253-6800.
Visit our Full Service Customer Service window located at 119 Tewning Road, Williamsburg, VA.
Fill out our Apply or Stop Water and/or Sewer Service Form and submit online.

4. How do I check for leaks?: Every connection in your waterline has the potential for a leak, especially if pipes are old or exposed to freezing temperatures. Pipes that are located in vanities or cupboards under sinks should be checked periodically for leaks. Supply lines to toilets should be checked for water dripping at the connection to the tank. If crawl spaces are accessible, you can check for pooling water under your house indicating a possible leak. Not all drips are indications of a leak, condensation may forma on cold water supply lines.

Faucets: Most leaks result from worn washers which allow faucets to drip or leak. Faucets, as well as hose bibbs or seldom used taps in crawl spaces or basements, should be checked periodically.

Toilets: Flappers that are worn and do not close properly will allow for water to leak unnecessarily into the toilet bowl. Usually you will hear the water trickling intermittently from the tank to the bowl. If you do not hear water leaking, you can test the flapper by placing a few drops of food coloring in the tank. Wait for about 20 minutes without flushing. If the food coloring appears in the bowl, then your toilet has a silent leak.

5. How do I change my billing information?: If you are relocating and need to cancel or start your water or sewer service, call our Customer Service at 757-253-6800 Monday through Friday from 8 a.m.-4:30 p.m.

6. Why is my water discolored?: Reddish/yellow or orange water is most likely the result of sediment being stirred up due to high water demands, waterline breaks/repairs or the operation of fire hydrants.

A milky or whitish discoloration is the result of air that has been introduced into the system either through water line breaks/repairs or that has naturally come out of solution.

If you have discolored water, call our Operations at 757-229-7421 and we will send a field technician to investigate and institute water flushing if necessary. If the water does not look safe to drink seek alternative drinking water until the issue is addressed by the JCSA.

7. Why do I have stains or mineral deposits from the water?: Deposits and stains are the results of naturally occurring minerals in our water. Although these minerals are in trace amounts, over time they can leave deposits on fixtures, toilets, sinks and tubs. Applying a commercial car wax so that the water runs off the fixtures and cleaning fixtures regularly will go a long way to reducing the deposits. Do not allow the water to evaporate leaving the minerals behind. Products found at hardware and grocery stores that are advertised as hardness stain removers are effective. A home treatment system like a water softener or reverse osmosis will remove the minerals that cause these stains, but water softeners can increase sodium levels. Stains and deposits do not mean that your water is not safe to drink.

8. Why do I have a bad taste and/or odor in my water?: We introduced chlorine as a disinfectant into the water system to meet state and federal Regulations. People not accustomed to chlorinated water may be more sensitive to the odor.

Hydrogen sulfide, which causes a sulfur taste/odor is naturally occurring in our groundwater. Chlorine usually eliminates the hydrogen sulfide. However, trace amounts may still be present in the water. Hydrogen sulfide tends to come out of solution over time and migrate to high points and dead-ends in the water system. Hydrogen sulfide can also be the result of anodes found in your hot water heater. If the chlorine or sulfur odor/taste is unacceptable to you, there are home treatment systems such as a granular activated carbon that will help remove taste and odors. Since these systems remove chlorine, they must be properly maintained to prevent bacteria growth. If taste and odors are abnormal, call Operations at 757-229-7421 and we will send a field technician to investigate.

9. Why do I have low water pressure?: Are you experiencing low water pressure throughout your whole house or is it just in 1 faucet? If you are experiencing low water pressure or volume throughout the household, contact our Operations at 757-229-7421 and we will check the pressure at the water meter coming into your service line. If your entire home has low pressure, we could be experiencing high water demands or a water line break. If, however, the pressure or volume varies throughout the household, the problem is localized to the immediate residence and may require a plumber to rectify the situation.

10. How can I prevent my pipes from freezing?

Prevent frozen water pipes and breaks in your home during freezing temperatures by following these preparedness tips:

Let water drip from a fixture that is the furthest away from the water supply line.
Leave cabinet doors open under the sinks so heat from the room reaches the pipes.
Make sure the water is turned off to outside spigots, remove any hoses or attachments and cover the spigot.
Locate your emergency water shut-off valve in case a water pipe freezes and breaks.

For more information on preventing frozen pipes, please visit our informational page.

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JCSA - Fats, Oils & Grease

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1. What is a grease trap?

Problems caused by waste from restaurants and other grease-producing establishments, have served as the basis for ordinances governing the discharge of grease materials to the sanitary sewer system. This type of waste has forced the requirement of the installation of preliminary treatment facilities, commonly known as grease traps and/or interceptors.

The terms grease trap/interceptor tends to be interchangeable. A grease trap is a small reservoir built into wastewater piping a short distance from the grease producing area. This is normally an under sink box-shaped fixture located in the kitchen, though they can be installed in the service area floor, but either way not larger than 20-30 gallons. Reservoir baffles retain the wastewater long enough to allow the grease to solidify and rise to the surface. Building staff can then remove and dispose the grease properly, either in a building exterior grease collection tub, or in the trash. Due to the nature of this system being so limited in size constant monitoring and maintenance an absolute must.

The maintenance schedule is largely dependent upon its usage. If a grease trap or interceptor is not maintained regularly it will not provide proper grease removal. Establish a specific cleaning schedule. All grease traps/interceptors need to have the grease cleaned out periodically. Running extremely hot water down the drain only moves the problem further down stream. It does not go away. Catch the grease at the source, as this is the most economical means to reduce all costs.

2. Can you recommend a maintenance schedule?: Grease trap/interceptor clean out and maintenance schedules, for commercial establishments, depend on the facility type and the volume of processing required for the type of business. All grease interceptors (in ground vaults) should be cleaned, at a minimum, quarterly. Some establishments, especially high volume restaurants, will find it necessary to clean their traps much more frequently, with a clean out cycle of 3 to 4 weeks. If the establishment has to clean it too often, the owner should consider installing either a larger trap or interceptor or a second, in-line, trap. Records of cleanings should be maintained for 3 years.

3. Do I need a grease trap?: Any establishment that introduces FOG into the sewer collection system in quantities large enough to cause blockages or hinder treatment at the sewer treatment facility is required to install a grease trap or interceptor. JCSA requires interceptors (in-ground) for high volume restaurants (full menu establishments operating 16 hrs/day and/or serving 500+ meals per day) and large commercial establishments such as hotels, hospitals, factories or school kitchens. Grease traps (under sink) are required for small volume (take-out restaurants with limited menus, minimum dishwashing and/or minimal seating capacity). This requirement can change if the JCSA discovers excessive grease buildup, or blockages in the downstream sewer line, that requires maintenance from the JCSA.

4. What if I don’t install a grease trap?: If a commercial establishment uses or generates FOG in food preparation, it will eventually encounter a maintenance problem with a plugged building sewer line. The blockage can create a sewer backup situation and ultimately a potential health problem within the establishment. If the problem develops on the private side of the sewer line, then the establishment has direct responsibility for paying for the repair or remediation. If the grease blockage is in the public sewer main, and it can be proven that the establishment is the cause of the blockage, then the establishment could pay for the public sewer to be maintained. Additionally, HRSD (Hampton Roads Sanitation District) will be notified and can place a monitoring station on your sewer outflow. Should they discover excessive FOG amounts, an additional charge will be added to the facility utility bill. Please note that restricting or blocking a sanitary sewer line is considered a violation of the federal Clean Water Act.

5. Who determines if I need a grease trap or interceptor?: When waste pre-treatment (FOG collection) is required by the JCSA or JCC Building Safety and Permits, a grease trap or interceptor shall be installed according to the manufacturers instructions, and the International Plumbing Code. Further federal and regional directives and guidelines may also apply as set forth by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), The Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VDEQ), The Virginia Department of Health (VDH), and the Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD). The JCSA Special Projects Coordinator will help the facility manager in determining if JCSA requires a grease trap or interceptor. James City County and Virginia State codes prohibit the discharge of materials that can solidify and create blockages in the wastewater collection system or treatment plants. The VDH makes periodic inspections to see that no health problems exist due to improperly maintained grease interceptors. The JCSA has an ongoing program of inspection and verification of correct preventive maintenance procedures.

6. How can I get in compliance?: The facility manager should contact the JCSA Grease Abatement Coordinator at 757-259-4138. If it is proven that installation of a grease trap/interceptor is required, the property owner will be required to file for a permit for device installation. This may be done through JCC Building Safety and Permits located in the James City County Government Center, 101 Mounts Bay Road, Building E. This ensures proper installation with an accredited plumbing contractor for a correctly sized grease collection device.

7. How does the JCSA ensure compliance?: JCSA will inspect FSEs at a minimum of once per year, without advance notice and with inspectors observing the normal operations at the FSE. This is also to ensure that BMPs are properly implemented. During inspection, they will ask for maintenance logs and manifest records (receipts) from licensed grease haulers. These records will verify compliance with proper waste disposal requirements. Records of cleanings should be maintained for 3 years

8. What is a grease interceptor and how does it work?: Read about grease interceptors and how they work by visiting the Grease Interceptors page.

9. What are the criteria for inspecting grease traps?: All food service establishments (FSEs) suspected of causing problems to the collection system or treatment facilities may be subject to random inspections. For more information, please visit the Trap Conditions page.

10. What is FOG?: FOG stands for Fats, Oils and Grease and is found in your kitchen or garage. The main contribution of FOG is from discharge of used grease from cooking processes, but can also be caused by machinery lubricants discharged into floor drains.

Many of the foods we eat contain FOG. These include meats, sauces, salad dressings, deep-fried dishes, cookies, pastries, butter and many others. Generally, food scraps washed down the drain also contribute to FOG in the sewers. Grease accumulation in the sewer system causes obstruction by constricting flow of the sewer pipes, and interfering with the normal operation of your community wastewater treatment system.

11. What are the negative impacts of FOG?: FOG is certainly a community issue. To learn about the harmful impact FOG can have on community health and your neighborhood, please visit the Health Hazards page.

12. What about using my garbage disposal or use detergent to wash it down the drain?: Home garbage disposals do not keep grease out of your sewer system, nor will it prevent grease from building up. Products such as detergents that claim to dissolve grease may pass the grease down the pipeline and cause problems elsewhere. In short, you remove it from your immediate vicinity only to help create a larger problem downstream.

13. What is the JCSA doing about educating the public?: The JCSA has created a residential grease abatement program that educates and informs the County residents about the effects of dumping oil and grease down the kitchen sink. Remember the Grease Busters slogan, “Don’t Strain the Drain!” Protect your community and preserve your environment. Doing so will be a financial benefit to you, your home, and your quality of life. For more information, please visit the Fat Free Drains website.

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JCSA - Submeters

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1. How do you obtain a submeter?: Irrigation or Landscape companies who install lawn irrigation systems, or if you choose the hose bibb meter, you can find this information online by using search engines such as Google, Bing, Yahoo, or others or by contacting a company who handles water meters. Please note that the JCSA does not endorse specific online search engines. These sites have not been reviewed by the JCSA for content, so use at your own risk.

2. When should you register your submeter?: As soon as the submeter is installed by the company putting in your lawn irrigation system, or when you receive the hose bibb meter from the manufacturer.

3. How do you read a submeter?: Pictured are examples of typical submeters which measure in gallons and cubic feet. The dial looks like the odometer in your car. A gallon submeter has 6 dials that change, the final 2 of which have a black background, followed by a stationary zero; the 0 should be included in your reading. A cubic foot meter has no stationary 0. No numbers other than those on the dial itself should be included in your reading. Hose bibb meters measure in gallons, but have no stationary 0.

4. What happens if a submeter reading is submitted late?: Should a reading be received late, the credit will be delayed until the next billing cycle. Submeter deductions given for any 1 billing cycle cannot exceed the total water consumption for that billing period. No back credit will be given.

5. How does your submeter credit appear on the bill?: Sewer Service is based on your Water Usage. Your submeter reading is shown in the table under the Sewer section of your HRUBS bill and deducted from your Sewer Service. For more information, view a Sample Bill (PDF).

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Parks & Trails

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1. How do I find out about field closings?: Parks & Recreation staff updates the field closing hotline on weekdays by 3 p.m. After this time and on weekends, cancellation is up to league officials. The hotline number is 757-259-3237.

2. Do I need to wear a helmet to use the Skate Park?: Yes, helmets are required.

3. What kinds of fish are being caught?: You can call Chickahominy Riverfront Park at 757-258-5020 or Little Creek Reservoir Park at 757-566-1702 to get the latest reports.

4. Where are the County trails located?

Hiking trails are located at:

Freedom Park
Greensprings Interpretive Trail
Warhill Sports Complex

Mountain bike trails are located at:

Freedom Park
Upper County Park

There are walking trails at:

James City County Recreation Center
Veterans Park
Powhatan Creek Access Park

View parks and trails in our Facilities section.

5. How can I get a trail map?: Parks with trails have a mailbox on site containing maps. You can also find trail maps online on the park web pages.

6. Do you have a dog park?: The Waller Mill Dog Park is located in the City of Williamsburg. It is operated by Williamsburg Parks & Recreation and is jointly funded by Williamsburg and James City. It is available to all Williamsburg and James City County residents.
Waller Mill Dog Park

7. Does my dog have to be on a leash?: All dogs in county parks must be leashed. No dogs are allowed within 50 feet of ball fields or playgrounds. Waller Mill Dog Park is an off-leash area. Waller Mill Dog Park

8. Where is Kidsburg?: Kidsburg is located in Veterans Park at 3793 Ironbound Road. Mid County Park

9. Which county parks offer fishing?: Boat and pier fishing is available at:
- Chickahominy Riverfront Park
- Little Creek Reservoir Park
- Powhatan Creek Park

Bank fishing is available at Jamestown Beach Event Park. Only boat fishing is permitted at Brickyard Landing and Diascund Reservoir. View parks in our Facilities section.

10. Which county parks have a launch for my fishing boat?: Boat ramps are available at:
- Brickyard Landing
- Chickahominy Riverfront Park
- Diascund Reservoir Park (electric motors only)
- Little Creek Reservoir Park (electric motors only)

Canoes, kayaks, and of small boats can be launched at these as well as Powhatan Creek Park and Jamestown Beach Event Park.

11. Where can I play basketball?: Outdoor basketball courts are available at Warhill Sports Complex, the Abram Frink Jr. Community Center and Veterans Park (with lights). Indoor basketball courts can be found at Ironbound Park, Chickahominy River Park, and Upper County Park.

12. Where can I play tennis?: Tennis courts are available at the Abram Frink Jr. Community Center and Veterans Park (with lights).

13. Where can I host an outdoor special event?: Special event space is available at Chickahominy Riverfront Park and Jamestown Beach Event Park.

14. What is WISC?: The Williamsburg Indoor Sports Complex is a privately owned and maintained indoor sports center. WISC is located in Warhill Sports Complex, where it leases space from James City County. Call 757-253-1947 for more information. Warhill Sports Complex

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Permits

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1. What is a building permit?: A building permit is the authorization to begin construction, alteration or demolition of any multifamily residential, commercial, or industrial structure as required by the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code.

2. Where can I obtain a building permit?: Permits may be obtained and inspections scheduled online through PermitLink.

3. What do I need to obtain a building permit?: You should provide the following information to complete the building permit application:
- Address of the property
- Contractor information
- Owner information
- Scope of work

4. Is there a permit fee?: Yes. The fee is based on a schedule adopted by the Board of Supervisors. This fee schedule is available from the Building Safety and Permits Division, the Citizens' Assistance Office, or online.

5. How long will it take to process an application?: If you have all the information required including final site plan approval, it may take about 30 business days to review the plans and issue the permit (this time may vary depending on workload).

6. How long are the permits valid?: Permits may become void if no work is accomplished during any 6 month period.

7. What about inspections?: Please consult the Building Safety and Permits Division for the minimum inspections on your job.

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Planning

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1. Where can I find out additional information about submittal procedures and requirements?: Please consult our Development Procedures page.

2. When is the next submittal deadline for rezonings and special use permits? What about cases that require approval by the Development Review Committee?: For deadlines and meeting dates, please consult the Planning calendar.

3. I submitted a site plan or subdivision a few weeks ago. Where can I check on the status of this case?: PermitLink enables you to search for development cases in multiple ways (by street name, tax map number, case type or number, and more) and lets you access basic case information, check on the status of review, and view agency comments related to the selected case.

4. I see a red sign posted in front of a property. Where can I find out what it means?: James City County must advertise and post signs on the property for all rezoning and special use permit applications that will be heard by the Planning Commission. Try to write down the number on the sign or note the road the sign is on or a nearby landmark. Use PermitLink to search for the case by street or subdivision name or case number. Alternatively, you can either call the Planning Division to find out additional information or come into the office to view the case file and submitted plans.

5. Where do I find out the zoning of a piece of property?: Visit the Property Information site on the County webpage and search by property address or owner. The zoning code is listed along with other information along the left side of the screen. If there are any problems, please have the property address on hand and call the Planning Division - 757-253-6685. Use the Property Database online.

6. Where can I learn what the permitted uses are for my property?: Permitted uses are determined by the zoning of your property. Learn more on the Permitted Uses page.

7. Where can I find out what the setbacks for my property are?: Have the address of the property available and call the Planning Division at 757-253-6685.

8. Where can I find a plat of my property?

Official survey plats are required as part of the building permit, conceptual plan, site plan, variance, rezoning, special use permit, and master plan application submittal packages. The Planning Division does not keep a copy of the recorded plat on file. If you are unable to obtain a plat from the current property owner (normally produced with property deed or land title) here are several options:

In some cases, financial institutions require the recordation of a property survey along with the deed upon closing. Check with the James City County-Williamsburg Courthouse by calling 757-564-2242.
If any building permits have been obtained for additions, decks, pools, and/or accessory structures in the last 20 years, our Building Safety and Permits Division can help you find the permit number. The record itself can be pulled from the Records Management Division once you have the permit number.
If your lot has been subdivided as part of a subdivision, a blanket plat of the entire subdivision can be found in the Records Management Division. Individual plats may be available in the office of the Clerk of the Circuit Court depending on closing requirements.

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Planning - Master Plans

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1. What is a master plan?: Master plans graphically depict the schematic layout and other additional information (such as type of use, density, maximum square footages, etc.) for proposed future development on a specific parcel. While most rezoning and special use permit applications include some form of master plan, the zoning ordinance requires a master plan for all proposals for rezoning property to Residential Planned Community (R-4), Planned Unit Development (PUD), or Mixed Use (MU), or to apply the residential cluster overlay.

Master plans help the Planning Commission and Board of Supervisors visualize what proposed developments will ultimately look like when they’re completed. Requirements for what must be included on a master plan are detailed in Section 24-484 (b) of the ordinance.

2. When can I submit an application?: Applications must be submitted at least 6 weeks prior to a scheduled meeting to be placed on the Planning Commission agenda. The Planning Commission usually meets on the first Wednesday of each month. Please view the Planning calendar for the most current meeting schedule.

3. How long will it take to process my application?: An application will take a minimum of 12 weeks to review, depending on the time of your submittal, the complexity of the proposal, and the Planning Commission meeting schedule. Processing will take additional time if the Planning Commission and/or the Board of Supervisors defer action on your case or if there are outstanding items that need to be resolved.

4. What is the procedure?: Prior to the Planning Commission meeting, staff will review your application by making a site inspection and verifying the information on your application for compliance with County codes and ordinances. Staff will consider the impact of the proposed development on surrounding land uses and public welfare. Staff will also consider the master plan’s compatibility with the County's Comprehensive Plan (provide link to Comp Plan). Additional County and State agencies will review and comment on your proposal. Based on these comments, some changes may need to be made on the development proposal. When all comments are received and addressed by the applicant, staff will incorporate them into a report for the Planning Commission. You will receive a copy of the staff report in advance of the Planning Commission meeting. Read more on the Master Plan page.

5. If my application is denied, can I appeal the Board of Supervisors’ decision?: Yes. You can appeal the Board of Supervisors' decision to the Circuit Court. Call the Clerk of the Circuit Court at 757-564-2242 for information.

6. If my application is denied, can I try again at a later time?: If the Board of Supervisors denies your request, you may not resubmit the application for 1 year unless the application contains significant differences.

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Planning - Rezoning

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1. What is a rezoning?: James City County designates all land to one of the 15 zoning districts outlined in the Zoning Ordinance. Certain land uses are allowed in each district, and the rules governing each zoning district vary.

Sometimes, a parcel of land must have its zoning district designation changed to develop or use that land in a certain fashion. The process of changing a parcel's zoning district is called a rezoning. The rezoning procedure helps the Planning Division, Planning Commission, and Board of Supervisors take a closer look at a zoning change. This includes the proposed zone's compatibility with existing zones, surrounding development, and the County Comprehensive Plan.

2. When can I submit an application?: Applications must be submitted at least 6 weeks prior to a scheduled meeting to be placed on the Planning Commission agenda. The Planning Commission usually meets on the first Wednesday of each month. Please view the Planning calendar for the most current meeting schedule.

3. How long will it take to process my application?: An application will take a minimum of 12 weeks to review, depending on the time of your submittal and the Planning Commission meeting schedule. Processing will take additional time if the Planning Commission and/or the Board of Supervisors defer action on your case.

Staff strongly recommends that you either submit a conceptual plan or set up a pre-application meeting to review the rezoning process and answer questions. Read more on the Rezoning page.

4. What is the procedure for obtaining a rezoning?: Prior to the Planning Commission meeting, staff will review your application by making a site inspection and verifying the information on your application for compliance with County codes and ordinances. Staff will consider the impact of the rezoning on surrounding land uses and public welfare. Staff will also consider the rezoning's compatibility with the County's Comprehensive Plan. Additional County and State agencies will review and comment on your proposal. When all comments are received, staff will incorporate them into a report for the Planning Commission. You will receive a copy of the staff report in advance of the Planning Commission meeting.

5. Will I need any other permits after my rezoning is approved?: Even with a rezoning, you may still need a special use permit from the Board of Supervisors to allow a certain use on a property. You may also need to submit a site plan or subdivision construction plan, which are processes handled by the Planning Division. You may also need a building permit. Contact the Building Safety and Permits Division at 757-253-6626 to get information about applying for building permits. It is possible to have a site plan and a building drawing reviewed concurrently, but a building permit will not be issued until final site plan approval has been obtained.

If clearing, grading, and/or installing utilities will be involved, you will need to contact the Engineering and Resource Protection Division at 757-253-6670 for a land disturbing permit. Other than a land disturbing permit and building permit, a Health Department permit is required for plans proposing septic tanks and/or wells. Developments with sewage pumping stations or well facilities also require approval from the State Health Department. If any kind of Health Department permit is required, you will have to submit plans to both the Planning Division and the Health Department. Call the Health Department at 757-253-4813 for more information.

6. If my application is denied, can I appeal the Board of Supervisors' decision?: Yes. You can appeal the Board of Supervisors' decision to the Circuit Court. Call the Clerk of the Circuit Court at 757-564-2242 for information.

7. If my application is denied, can I try again at a later time?: If the Board of Supervisors denies your request for a rezoning, you may not resubmit the application for 1 year unless the application contains significant differences.

8. How long is the rezoning valid?: There is no time limit on a rezoning.

9. Can a special use permit be processed at the same time as a rezoning application?: Yes. Planning staff can process a special use permit application and a rezoning for the same project concurrently.

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Planning - Site Plan

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1. What is a site plan?: A site plan is a set of engineering plans for any commercial, industrial, or multifamily development, as defined in the County Code. A site plan is needed whenever the footprint for a commercial building changes, which includes changes to utility lines and parking lots. A site plan is also needed for commercial additions such as sheds, storage areas, fences, and concrete pads.

2. What must I provide to obtain site plan approval?: You can obtain an application for a site plan from the Planning Division. Staff recommends that you either submit a conceptual plan or set up a pre-application meeting to review the site plan process and answer questions. Read more on the Site Plan page.

3. What is the process for reviewing site plans?: Your site plan will be reviewed using one of 2 processes, depending upon the size and scope of the proposed project. The first process is DRC review, which culminates in a hearing before the Planning Commission. It is used for larger and more complicated projects. Criteria for DRC review are listed below. Site plans not meeting DRC criteria are processed by an administrative review, which does not involve any Committee or Commission review.

4. What should I do after the site plan receives preliminary approval?: Once a plan has preliminary approval, you may contact the Engineering and Resource Protection Division at 757-253-6670 to get information about obtaining a Land Disturbing Permit. This permit allows you to begin clearing, grading, and installing utilities. Fees and surety bonds may be required. Please note that you will have 1 year to submit revised plans and receive final approval from the Zoning Administrator. If final approval is not granted within 1 year, the plan becomes void. New applications, fees, and plans will need to be submitted.

5. When can my site plan receive final approval?: After you address all comments and submit 10 sets of revised plans, a plan may receive final approval. When a plan receives final approval, you will receive written notification and 2 copies of the approved plan. One copy is for your files and 1 is to be kept on the construction site. An approved final site plan will be valid for a period of 5 years. If the site plan is not put into use or building permits are not obtained, the plan becomes void. New applications, fees, and plans will need to be submitted.

6. What should I do after the site plan receives final approval?: Before beginning construction, contact the Building Safety and Permits Division at 757-253-6626 to get information about applying for building permits. It is possible to have a site plan and a building drawing reviewed concurrently, but a building permit will not be issued until final site plan approval has been obtained.

If you will be connecting to public water and sewer, contact the JCSA at 757-253-6800 to apply for service.

There is a fee based on the size of the water meter required for the project.

7. Will I need any other permits?: Other than a Land Disturbing Permit and Building Permit, a Health Department permit is required for plans proposing septic tanks and/or wells. Developments with sewage pumping stations or well facilities also require approval from the State Health Department. If any kind of Health Department permit is required, you will have to submit plans to both the Planning Division and the Health Department. Call the Health Department at 757-253-4813 for more information.

Please note that certain water and sewer facilities may require a special use permit before a site plan can get preliminary or final approval. Additionally, if you are building in the southern portion of the County, your water may be served by Newport News Waterworks (NNWW) instead of the JCSA. Planning staff will tell you if your plan falls under NNWW jurisdiction. If your plan will have water served by NNWW, a separate review by NNWW is required after your plan has received preliminary approval. Please contact NNWW at 757-247-8465 for questions and information about review fees.

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Planning - Subdivisions

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1. What is a subdivision?: A subdivision is the division of property into two or more lots. The same subdivision process is used for the elimination of property lines or the adjustment of property lines.

2. What do I do if I am using septic tanks?: Soils, drain field, septic tank, and building information must be reviewed and approved by the Health Department. Please call the Health Department at 757-253-4813 if you have questions. All septic tank information should be submitted to the Planning Division at the time an application for a subdivision is submitted. The Planning Division will then forward the data to the Health Department for review and approval.

The Health Department strongly recommends that an applicant hire a consultant to collect and provide the requested soils and drain field data. If a consultant is not available, the Health Department will provide the needed information. In these instances, the applicant must provide a copy of the Health Department permit or certification letter with the subdivision application.

3. What is the process for reviewing subdivisions?: Your plan will be reviewed using one of 2 processes, depending upon the size and scope of the proposed project. The first process is DRC review, which culminates in a hearing before the Planning Commission. It is used for larger and more complicated projects. Criteria for DRC review are listed below. Subdivision plans not meeting DRC criteria are processed by an administrative review, which does not involve any hearings.

4. What must I provide to obtain subdivision approval?: You can read the requirements on the Subdivisions page.

5. What should I do after the plan receives preliminary approval?: Once a plan has preliminary approval, you may contact the Engineering and Resource Protection Division at 757-253-6670 to get information about obtaining a Land Disturbing Permit. This permit allows you to begin clearing, grading, and installing utilities. Fees and surety bonds may be required. Please note that you will have 1 year to submit revised plans and receive final approval from the Subdivision Agent. If final approval is not granted within 1 year, and no extension of preliminary approval is granted, the plan becomes void. New applications, fees, and plans will need to be submitted.

6. When can my plan receive final approval?: After you address all comments and submit 10 sets of revised plans, a plan may receive final approval. When a plan receives final approval, you will receive written notification and 2 copies of the approved plan. You will have 180 days from the time of approval to go to the Courthouse and record the plat, otherwise it will become void. New applications, fees, and plats will need to be submitted.

7. What should I do after the plan receives final approval?: Before beginning construction, contact the Building Safety and Permits Division at 757-253-6626 to get information about applying for building permits. It is possible to have subdivision plans and building drawings reviewed concurrently, but a building permit will not be issued until final subdivision approval has been obtained. If you will be connecting to public water and sewer, contact the JCSA at 757-253-6800 to apply for service. There is an availability fee based on the size of the water meter required for the project.

8. Will I need any other permits?: Developments with sewage pumping stations or well facilities require approval from the State Health Department. If any kind of Health Department permit is required, you will have to submit plans to both the Planning Division and the Health Department. Please note that certain water and sewer facilities may require a special use permit before a site plan can get preliminary or final approval.

9. Are there any special road access requirements?: Yes. If you are proposing to subdivide a parcel into 3, 4 or 5 lots, access to those lots must come from a single shared driveway. Please check with Planning staff for further requirements and examples.

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Police

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1. How do I report a crime in progress?: If it is an emergency, please call 911. You can submit other crime information by calling 888-LOCK-U-UP (888-562-5887).

2. How can I report a crime (not in progress) or speak with an officer?: Call the James City County Police Department at 757-566-0112 to speak with an officer.

3. How do I anonymously report drug crimes, Crime TIP, location of a wanted person, or information about a crime?: You can call 888-LOCK-U-UP (888-562-5887) or submit tips via email by contacting the Tip Line. Tip Line

4. How do I obtain a copy of a report or speak with the officer investigating my case?: Call the Police Department at 757-253-1800.

5. Where do I go for questions about my traffic ticket or parking ticket?: For more information, visit the Traffic Citations page.

6. How do I contact a magistrate?: The magistrates are located at the Virginia Peninsula Regional Jail on Route 143 near the Naval Weapons Station. They are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. You can reach them by phone for more information at 757-820-3951.

Virginia Peninsula Regional Jail
9320 Merrimac Trail
Williamsburg, VA 23185
Phone: 757-820-3900

7. How do I obtain a concealed handgun permit?: For more information, visit the Clerk's Office.

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Privacy Policy

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1. What information is collected?: For each visitor, the County collects the following information: the Internet Protocol (IP) address, type of browser used, the date and time of the visit, the addresses of the pages on this website to which you link during a visit to the County's website.

2. Does this website place a cookie on your computer?: Our James City County website does not place a "cookie" on your computer, however, our pages on affiliate websites may place cookies on your computer per the policies of those affiliate websites Please be aware of changing privacy policies when visiting affiliate sites.

3. How is the collected information used?: The County analyzes the web site activity by tracking visitor movements through the site. Each computer on the internet has an IP address. We use IP addresses to track the number of visits to the County's website and to identify the most popular pages. This helps us improve the performance and value of the materials available on this website. At some point you may wish to contact the County via email. The information that you provide in such an email message is used solely to fulfill your online request. The County does not share, sell, or trade any information collected on this web site. However, visitors should be aware that the Virginia Freedom of Information Act requires, upon proper request, that all public records be released unless such record is specifically exempted by the Act.

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Real Estate Assessments

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1. Why do Real Estate Assessments exist?: Necessary county services, such as schools, police, and fire protection, are supported by tax revenue from the County. Real estate assessments are how localities fairly distribute the tax burden among all property owners. The distribution from the assessment is proportionally based on the market value of individual properties.

2. What is the difference between mass appraisal and a single property appraisal?: Mass appraisal is defined as “the systematic appraisal of groups of properties as of a given date using standardized procedures and statistical testing.” It involves analyzing data collected in mass quantities, developing statistics from the data, and applying the results to large numbers of properties. Groups of sales are used to provide value indications for large populations of properties. The mass appraisal technique is used for tax assessment purposes and is necessary to accomplish mass valuation of the thousands of parcels within a locality.

When a fee appraiser values your property for financing or other purposes, you typically receive a single property appraisal consisting of three or more sales that estimate the value. The sales selected are generally similar and should be within reasonable distance to the subject property. In addition, the sales generally should have all occurred within a time frame of three to six months. Adjustments are made to the sales based on differences with your property and an indicated market value as of that date is given. Single property appraisals are not financially or logistically feasible for tax assessment purposes.

3. When are the assessments done?: Reassessments of all parcels in JCC are done every two years. The next reassessment will be in Jan. 2018.

4. What is the effective date of the assessment?: The 2016 Assessment goes into effect Fiscal Year 2017 (FY2017) which begins July 1, 2016. The first bill for the 2016/FY2017 assessment is due in December 2016, and the second half in June 2017.

5. How do you come up with the change to assessed value?: Assessments are determined using actual sales data from valid sales within a property’s neighborhood or comparable neighborhoods from homes that have sold over the past 2 years.

Sometimes, there may be a substantial increase or decrease in the assessed value of a specific property when it doesn’t seem like there have been any meaningful changes to the property. Periodically, we review neighborhoods for accuracy and update our records accordingly. There is a chance that some information on a specific property was incorrect and has been updated.

Additionally, the assessed value of a particular parcel may be more or less than the County average. This is because the County average takes into account all parcels in a neighborhood and how they relate as a whole. A specific neighborhood may move more or less than the County average amount based on sales.

Your assessor can be contacted for specific concerns related to a particular property.

6. How is assessed value determined?: The assessed value is the value assigned to a property for the purpose of measuring applicable taxes.

Property location has a strong effect on value, as does the supply and demand for particular types of property. The individual characteristics of the property, such as size, age, condition, and type of construction also affect the value of an individual property.

If there are no recent sales in the neighborhood, comparable neighborhoods are taken into consideration and adjustments could be made based on those sales.

7. Are foreclosures and short sales used when determining assessed value?: Many property owners are concerned that foreclosures and short sales in their area are used in property appraisals. These concerns are unfounded, as only VALID sales are taken into consideration. Valid sales are arms-length transactions that were not highly motivated, forced or distressed. Therefore the appraiser does not include any foreclosures or short sales in the sales analysis.

8. Why is my purchase price different from my assessed value?: The Constitution of Virginia mandates that all taxes be fair and uniform.

Fair market value is not necessarily the price paid for a property, but is what it is worth in the real estate market. For this reason, assessed value may differ from purchase price. Assessments are adjusted on a per neighborhood basis utilizing the “Mass Appraisal” method rather than looking at every property individually. Neighborhoods are moved as a whole, either up or down based on the sales transactions that take place in the two years prior to assessment, with more emphasis placed on the most recent sales.

In addition, assessments are required to be uniform and equitable across similar classes of properties with similar characteristics. Generally speaking, when regarding assessments, Equity plus Market Value equals Fair Market Value. The utilization of the “Mass Appraisal” method helps creates fair, uniform and equitable assessments.

9. What should a property owner do if they think their assessment is incorrect or if they disagree with their assessment?: If there is a concern about a specific property, the property owner can contact the Real Estate Assessments Division and discuss their concern with their property assessor. A change in assessment may be possible if data is incorrect. Outside of a data change, property owners can appeal their assessment during the appeal period. This period is generally open during the 30 days following notice of reassessment.

10. When will property owners be notified of any new assessment?: Properties that have a change in assessment will receive a notice around the end of February/beginning of March of the assessment year. If the value didn’t change, the property owner will not receive a notice. Current and previous assessments can also be viewed online through the James City County Property Information System website.

11. Does the County have a program to help senior citizens and disabled persons on their property taxes?: James City County does offer an exemption program for elderly and disabled property owners, provided that specific criteria are met. More information on this program can be obtained through the
Commissioner of the Revenue.

12. How is individual property information obtained?: Updating individual property records is done on a continuing basis. Some of the sources used include physical inspection, new construction plans, permits, pictometry, verification through MLS sales data, and owner supplied information.

13. What does “improvement” mean on my notice and how will changes to my property affect assessed value?: “Improvement” is the Real Estate term for all of the improvements to vacant land such as dwellings, garages, screened porches, decks, out buildings, and sheds on your property. Screening-in and roofing an existing deck, adding a bathroom, and building a garage are some of the many examples of what would count as changes to an “improvement” that could affect assessed value for Real Estate purposes.

Landscaping, minor renovations, paint, and routine home maintenance do not generally affect the assessed value. While these efforts often do improve the appearance or function of a home, they do not add value as far as assessments are concerned. Only major upgrades or additions to the “improvements” will affect the assessed value of your home outside of the market fluctuations at each reassessment.

14. When is it necessary for an appraiser to physically inspect a property?: Inspecting the exterior of a property does not always capture the condition or features of a property. In these cases, an interior field inspection/property inspection is necessary. An owner can request a field inspection if they are concerned their information is incorrect and would like to have their property reviewed, or when an owner is contesting an assessment and the changes or deficiencies are not easily apparent from the exterior of the property. Occasionally, appraisers will visit properties during exterior inspections and will ask homeowners for information on their specific property or leave a questionnaire on the door.

15. How do changes in assessment value affect the sale price of my property?: The assessed value does not have a direct effect on the sale price of your home. Assessed value is for calculating your taxes and is not necessarily an indicator of sale price. Properties sell for more or less than their assessed value due to varying factors such as condition, location, upgrades, etc.

16. What are some situations outside of a reassessment when property values might change?

Demolitions
Fortuitous act, such as fire, flood, hurricane, etc.
New construction
Additions or renovations to existing properties
Correction of incorrect data

17. Does the assessor determine the tax rate?: The Real Estate Assessments Division does not determine the tax rate. This is determined by the James City County Board of Supervisors based on budgetary needs.

All questions related to tax billing should be directed to the Treasurer's Office.

18. What property information is publically available via the Real Estate Assessments Division?: Most property information can be found and printed via the James City County Property Information System website. Visiting the property information website is the best first step for finding property records information relating to a particular parcel. If you need assistance, please call the Mapping Office at 757-253-6650 or visit in person to get your information.

19. Where do I get a copy of my deed?: All deeds are stored at the James City County Courthouse. The courthouse is located at 5201 Monticello Avenue, Williamsburg, and the phone number is 757-564-2242.

20. Where do I get a copy of my plat?: Recorded plats are stored in the James City County Courthouse. The Real Estate Assessments Division has access to scans of these documents and can provide them assuming they are available through the Courthouse records. These scans are copies of legally recorded maps or surveys, they are not certified copies and not legal documents. To get a certified copy of the Legally Recorded plat, you will have to go through the courthouse. The courthouse is located at 5201 Monticello Avenue, Williamsburg, and the phone number is 757-564-2242.

21. Can I get a copy of my “survey” (the one with the house)?: James City County does not have a survey department. Some recorded surveys are available, but their existence is not guaranteed. Basic drawings may be available from the GIS/Mapping Office. These drawings are neither a legally recorded map nor a survey and are not intended to be used as such. Information displayed by the GIS/Mapping office is a compilation of records, information, and data obtained from various sources, and James City County is not responsible for its accuracy or how current it may be. To get a new survey drawing of the property you will have to call an Engineering company.

22. How do I find out the history of a lot such as ownership, date, purchase price, etc. of a particular piece of property?: This information is generally available on the James City County Property Information System website. If you need any assistance you can call, email, or visit the Real Estate Assessments Division.

23. My information on the property information website is incorrect, how do I get it fixed?: Submit a request by emailing propertyinfo@jamescitycountyva.gov or call the Real Estate Assessments Division. A message will be forwarded to the appraiser assigned that area and they will return the call or email. The property information website is updated nightly, and changes should be available to view online the next day.

24. When is ownership information updated on the website after a sale?: The Real Estate Assessments Division receives sales information from the Court records on a delayed (1-3 weeks) but regular basis. We enter that information into our in-office software and then upload it to the James City County Property Information System website.

25. What is a Supplemental Bill?: A supplemental bill is sent out when a significant change to the property was completed and it has been finalized through permits. They only apply to the portion of the fiscal year that a new improvement has been on the property.

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Treasurer's Office

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1. When are taxes due?: Personal property and real estate taxes are both due June 5 and Dec. 5 of each year. If the fifth of the month falls on a weekend or holiday, taxes are due on the next business day. Additionally, supplemental billings may be created throughout the year for personal property that moves into the County during the year, or real estate improvements.

2. Can I access my account online?: Yes! The County now has an online payment system that allows citizens to see their invoices as well as pay with credit/debit card or e-check. Convenience fees apply for online payments. To access the system, visit the ePayment webpage.

3. How can I pay?: We accept cash, check, credit or debit cards. Payment can be made at the Government Center or Satellite Services, online or by telephone at 855-329-4498. A convenience fee will apply for all credit/debit card and e-check payments.

4. What are your mailing and physical addresses, and your hours of operation?: Our mailing address is PO Box 8701, Williamsburg, VA 20187-8701. The main office is located at the County Government Center at 101 B Mounts Bay Road, Building B, Williamsburg, VA 23185. Hours of operation are Monday through Friday from 8 a.m.-5 p.m.

5. What are the tax rates?: Real estate is assessed at $0.84 per $100 of assessed value. Personal property is assessed at $4 per $100 of assessed value. Personal property tax relief is offered on personal use vehicles. The relief percentage is adjusted annually.

6. What is a fiscal year?: The County works on a fiscal year that starts July 1 and ends June 30 each year. For real estate taxes, the time period of July 1 through Dec. 31 is considered the first half of the fiscal year, and Jan. 1 through June 30 is the second half. Personal property taxes are assessed based on the calendar year.

7. What time period does my tax assessment cover?: Both personal property and real estate taxes are paid in arrears. Taxes due June 5 cover assessments from Jan. 1 through June 30. Taxes due Dec. 5 cover assessments from July 1 through Dec. 31.

8. Why is my payment being mailed to Boston?: The Treasurer’s Office is now using a lockbox program through our bank to help with more efficient payment posting. The closest lockbox facility for the bank is located in Boston. Payments can still be mailed to the local office at PO Box 8701 Williamsburg, VA 23187-8701.

9. Do you accept postmark for tax payments?: Payments postmarked on or before the due date are considered on time. We also have drop boxes located in the Government Center parking lot, at the front of the main office, and at the Satellite Office. These boxes are cleared at 8 a.m. daily and considered the previous day’s mail.

10. Why has the County not cashed my check?: The Treasurer’s Office experiences high payment, high call and high in-person volumes during peak tax season. Please allow 2-3 weeks for the processing of any payments sent to the local address during the June 5 and Dec. 5 tax seasons.

11. Are real estate tax records available online?: Yes! Visit the Property Information webpage, search for your property and navigate to the Taxes tab.

12. Are lists of current delinquent properties available?: Yes, lists are available in both hardcopy and electronic format. Please email the office at treasurer@jamescitycountyva.gov with the preferred format. The list will not identify the status of any property.

13. What is the delinquent real estate tax sale process for James City County?: The Treasurer determines what properties are to be sold and oversees the process. Taxes must be delinquent on Dec. 31 following the second anniversary of the due date to begin the litigation process. The James City County Treasurer has retained the services of Taxing Authority Consulting Services, P.C. (TACS) to represent the County during the collection and sale process. For more information on the process, or to sign up for notifications of upcoming tax sales, visit the TACS website. TACS can be reached at 804-545-2500 or questions@taxva.com.

14. What is the cost for a dog license and when is it due?: Dog licenses go on sale Nov. 1 and are due by Jan. 31 annually. The current rate is $5 per year for spayed or neutered dogs and $8 per year for male or female dogs. The County currently offers a multi-year dog license based on the expiration of the dog’s rabies vaccination. For more information, please visit the Dog License webpage.

15. Can I buy convenience center (landfill) coupon books at your office?: Coupon books, containing 5 coupons each, can be purchased for $20 at the Treasurer’s Office, Satellite Services, Freedom Park, and the James City County Recreation Center. Payments by credit/debit card (additional convenience fees apply) can be made on site at the convenience centers or online.

16. I paid off my mortgage–who do I need to contact regarding tax bills?: If you recently paid off your mortgage and would like the real estate tax bills mailed to you, please call our office at 757-253-6705 or email treasurer@jamescitycountyva.gov to update your records.

17. Why did I receive a real estate tax bill when my mortgage company escrows for my taxes?: If you received your real estate tax bill in the mail and you believe your mortgage company is responsible for payment, contact your mortgage company or forward the tax bill to them immediately.

18. Can I make a payment arrangement?: Payment agreements can be set up with a collections staff member. These are established on a case-by-case basis. For more information, please contact our office at 757-253-6705.

19. Questions on HRUBS/HRSD bills?: As of Jan. 1, 2019, the Treasurer’s Office is no longer able to accept payments for water bills. Please call JCSA customer service at 757-253-6800.

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